526 lines
16 KiB
Python
526 lines
16 KiB
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""
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邮件接收脚本
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支持 IMAP 协议接收邮件、查看未读邮件、下载附件
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"""
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import imaplib
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import os
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import sys
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import json
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import re
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from email.header import decode_header
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from email.utils import parseaddr
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import email as em
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from typing import List, Optional, Dict, Tuple
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from datetime import datetime
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# 配置文件路径
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SCRIPT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
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CONFIG_FILE = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, "smtp_config.json")
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ATTACHMENTS_DIR = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, "attachments")
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def load_config() -> dict:
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"""加载配置"""
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if not os.path.exists(CONFIG_FILE):
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return {"accounts": []}
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with open(CONFIG_FILE, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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return json.load(f)
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def get_account(name: Optional[str] = None) -> Optional[dict]:
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"""获取账号配置"""
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config = load_config()
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if not config["accounts"]:
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return None
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if name is None:
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return config["accounts"][0]
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for acc in config["accounts"]:
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if acc["name"] == name:
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return acc
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return None
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def get_imap_server(email_addr: str) -> Tuple[str, int, bool]:
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"""
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根据邮箱地址推断 IMAP 服务器
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返回: (服务器地址, 端口, 是否使用SSL)
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"""
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domain = email_addr.split("@")[1] if "@" in email_addr else ""
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# 常见邮箱 IMAP 配置
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imap_configs = {
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"gmail.com": ("imap.gmail.com", 993, True),
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"outlook.com": ("outlook.office365.com", 993, True),
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"hotmail.com": ("outlook.office365.com", 993, True),
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"qq.com": ("imap.qq.com", 993, True),
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"163.com": ("imap.163.com", 993, True),
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"tphai.com": ("mail.tphai.com", 143, False), # 企业邮箱
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}
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# 尽找匹配的配置
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for key, config in imap_configs.items():
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if key in domain:
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return config
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# 默认使用企业邮箱配置
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return ("mail.tphai.com", 143, False)
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def decode_str(s: str) -> str:
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"""解码邮件头字符串"""
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if s is None:
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return ""
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decoded_parts = decode_header(s)
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result = []
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for part, charset in decoded_parts:
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if isinstance(part, bytes):
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charset = charset or "utf-8"
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try:
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result.append(part.decode(charset))
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except:
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result.append(part.decode("utf-8", errors="ignore"))
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else:
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result.append(part)
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return "".join(result)
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def get_email_content(msg) -> str:
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"""提取邮件正文"""
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body = ""
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if msg.is_multipart():
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for part in msg.walk():
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content_type = part.get_content_type()
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content_disposition = str(part.get("Content-Disposition", ""))
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# 跳过附件
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if "attachment" in content_disposition:
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continue
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# 提取文本内容
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if content_type == "text/plain":
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charset = part.get_content_charset() or "utf-8"
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try:
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payload = part.get_payload(decode=True)
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if payload:
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body += payload.decode(charset, errors="ignore")
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except:
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pass
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elif content_type == "text/html" and not body:
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charset = part.get_content_charset() or "utf-8"
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try:
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payload = part.get_payload(decode=True)
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if payload:
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# 简单去除HTML标签，获取纯文本
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html_content = payload.decode(charset, errors="ignore")
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text = re.sub(r'<[^>]+>', '', html_content)
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body += text.strip()
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except:
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pass
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else:
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content_type = msg.get_content_type()
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if content_type in ["text/plain", "text/html"]:
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charset = msg.get_content_charset() or "utf-8"
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try:
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payload = msg.get_payload(decode=True)
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if payload:
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body = payload.decode(charset, errors="ignore")
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if content_type == "text/html":
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body = re.sub(r'<[^>]+>', '', body).strip()
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except:
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pass
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return body
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def get_attachments(msg) -> List[Dict]:
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"""提取附件信息"""
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attachments = []
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for part in msg.walk():
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content_disposition = str(part.get("Content-Disposition", ""))
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if "attachment" in content_disposition:
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filename = part.get_filename()
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if filename:
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filename = decode_str(filename)
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content_type = part.get_content_type()
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size = len(part.get_payload(decode=True) or b"")
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attachments.append({
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"filename": filename,
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"content_type": content_type,
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"size": size,
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"part": part
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})
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return attachments
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def save_attachment(part, filename: str, email_id: str) -> str:
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"""保存附件到本地"""
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# 确保附件目录存在
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os.makedirs(ATTACHMENTS_DIR, exist_ok=True)
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# 为每封邮件创建子目录
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email_dir = os.path.join(ATTACHMENTS_DIR, email_id)
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os.makedirs(email_dir, exist_ok=True)
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# 保存附件
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filepath = os.path.join(email_dir, filename)
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payload = part.get_payload(decode=True)
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if payload:
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with open(filepath, "wb") as f:
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f.write(payload)
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return filepath
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def read_text_attachment(filepath: str) -> Optional[str]:
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"""读取文本附件内容"""
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# 检查是否是文本文件
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text_extensions = ['.txt', '.md', '.json', '.csv', '.log', '.py', '.js', '.html', '.css', '.xml', '.yaml', '.yml', '.ini', '.cfg', '.conf', '.sh', '.bat']
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ext = os.path.splitext(filepath)[1].lower()
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if ext not in text_extensions:
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return None
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try:
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with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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return f.read()
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except UnicodeDecodeError:
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try:
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with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='gbk') as f:
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return f.read()
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except:
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return None
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def connect_imap(account: dict) -> Optional[imaplib.IMAP4]:
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"""连接 IMAP 服务器"""
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# 获取 IMAP 配置
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imap_server, imap_port, use_ssl = get_imap_server(account["email"])
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try:
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if use_ssl:
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imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(imap_server, imap_port)
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else:
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imap = imaplib.IMAP4(imap_server, imap_port)
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# 登录
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imap.login(account["email"], account["password"])
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return imap
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"❌ IMAP 连接失败: {e}")
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return None
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def list_unread(account_name: Optional[str] = None, limit: int = 10, verbose: bool = False) -> List[Dict]:
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"""
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列出未读邮件
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返回:
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List[Dict]: 邮件列表，每项包含 id, subject, from, date, has_attachment
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"""
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account = get_account(account_name)
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if account is None:
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print("❌ 错误：未找到邮箱配置")
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return []
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imap = connect_imap(account)
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if imap is None:
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return []
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try:
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# 选择收件箱
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imap.select("INBOX")
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# 搜索未读邮件
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status, data = imap.search(None, "UNSEEN")
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if status != "OK":
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print("❌ 搜索未读邮件失败")
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return []
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email_ids = data[0].split()
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total_unread = len(email_ids)
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if verbose:
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print(f"📊 共有 {total_unread} 封未读邮件")
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# 限制返回数量
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email_ids = email_ids[:limit]
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emails = []
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for email_id in email_ids:
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email_id_str = email_id.decode()
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# 获取邮件头
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status, msg_data = imap.fetch(email_id, "(BODY.PEEK[HEADER.FIELDS (SUBJECT FROM DATE)])")
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if status != "OK":
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continue
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# 解析邮件头
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raw_header = msg_data[0][1]
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header_msg = em.message_from_bytes(raw_header)
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subject = decode_str(header_msg.get("Subject", ""))
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from_addr = decode_str(header_msg.get("From", ""))
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date_str = header_msg.get("Date", "")
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# 检查是否有附件
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status, msg_data = imap.fetch(email_id, "(BODYSTRUCTURE)")
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has_attachment = False
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if status == "OK" and msg_data:
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# 简单检查 BODYSTRUCTURE 中是否有 attachment
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structure = str(msg_data[0])
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if "attachment" in structure.lower() or "filename" in structure.lower():
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has_attachment = True
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emails.append({
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"id": email_id_str,
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"subject": subject,
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"from": from_addr,
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"date": date_str,
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"has_attachment": has_attachment
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})
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imap.close()
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imap.logout()
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return emails
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"❌ 获取未读邮件失败: {e}")
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return []
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def read_email(email_id: str, account_name: Optional[str] = None, save_attachments: bool = True, verbose: bool = False) -> Optional[Dict]:
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"""
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读取指定邮件内容
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参数:
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email_id: 邮件ID
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account_name: 账号名称
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save_attachments: 是否保存附件
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verbose: 显示详细日志
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返回:
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Dict: 邮件详情，包含 subject, from, to, date, body, attachments
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"""
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account = get_account(account_name)
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if account is None:
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print("❌ 错误：未找到邮箱配置")
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return None
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imap = connect_imap(account)
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if imap is None:
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return None
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try:
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imap.select("INBOX")
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# 获取完整邮件
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status, msg_data = imap.fetch(email_id, "(RFC822)")
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if status != "OK":
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print(f"❌ 获取邮件 {email_id} 失败")
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return None
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# 解析邮件
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raw_email = msg_data[0][1]
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msg = em.message_from_bytes(raw_email)
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# 提取邮件信息
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subject = decode_str(msg.get("Subject", ""))
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from_addr = decode_str(msg.get("From", ""))
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to_addr = decode_str(msg.get("To", ""))
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date_str = msg.get("Date", "")
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# 提取正文
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body = get_email_content(msg)
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# 提取附件
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attachments_info = get_attachments(msg)
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attachments = []
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for att in attachments_info:
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if save_attachments:
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filepath = save_attachment(att["part"], att["filename"], email_id)
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if verbose:
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print(f"📎 已保存附件: {filepath}")
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# 如果是文本文件，读取内容
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text_content = read_text_attachment(filepath)
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attachments.append({
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"filename": att["filename"],
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"filepath": filepath,
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"size": att["size"],
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"is_text": text_content is not None,
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"content": text_content
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})
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else:
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attachments.append({
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"filename": att["filename"],
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"size": att["size"],
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"is_text": False,
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"content": None
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})
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# 标记为已读
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imap.store(email_id, "+FLAGS", "\\Seen")
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imap.close()
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imap.logout()
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return {
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"id": email_id,
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"subject": subject,
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"from": from_addr,
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"to": to_addr,
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"date": date_str,
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"body": body,
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"attachments": attachments
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}
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"❌ 读取邮件失败: {e}")
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return None
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def print_email_summary(emails: List[Dict]):
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"""打印邮件摘要"""
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if not emails:
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print("📭 没有未读邮件")
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return
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print(f"\n📬 未读邮件 ({len(emails)} 封)")
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print("=" * 60)
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for i, e in enumerate(emails, 1):
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attachment_mark = "📎" if e.get("has_attachment") else ""
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print(f"\n{i}. [{e['id']}] {attachment_mark}")
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print(f" 主题: {e['subject']}")
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print(f" 发件人: {e['from']}")
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print(f" 时间: {e['date']}")
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def print_email_detail(email_data: Dict):
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"""打印邮件详情"""
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print(f"\n📧 邮件详情")
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print("=" * 60)
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print(f"ID: {email_data['id']}")
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print(f"主题: {email_data['subject']}")
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print(f"发件人: {email_data['from']}")
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print(f"收件人: {email_data['to']}")
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print(f"时间: {email_data['date']}")
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print("\n正文:")
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print("-" * 40)
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print(email_data['body'][:500] if len(email_data['body']) > 500 else email_data['body'])
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if len(email_data['body']) > 500:
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print(f"\n... (正文共 {len(email_data['body'])} 字符，已截断)")
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if email_data['attachments']:
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print("\n附件:")
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print("-" * 40)
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for att in email_data['attachments']:
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text_mark = "📝" if att['is_text'] else "📎"
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print(f" {text_mark} {att['filename']} ({att['size']} bytes)")
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if att['is_text'] and att['content']:
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preview = att['content'][:200]
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print(f" 内容预览: {preview}...")
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def main():
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"""命令行入口"""
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import argparse
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="邮件接收工具")
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subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
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# 列出未读邮件命令
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list_parser = subparsers.add_parser("unread", help="列出未读邮件")
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list_parser.add_argument("--account", "-a", help="使用指定配置")
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list_parser.add_argument("--limit", "-l", type=int, default=10, help="最大返回数量")
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list_parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", help="显示详细日志")
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# 读取邮件命令
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read_parser = subparsers.add_parser("read", help="读取指定邮件")
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read_parser.add_argument("id", help="邮件ID")
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read_parser.add_argument("--account", "-a", help="使用指定配置")
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read_parser.add_argument("--no-save", action="store_true", help="不保存附件")
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read_parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", help="显示详细日志")
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# 查看附件命令
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att_parser = subparsers.add_parser("attachment", help="查看附件内容")
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att_parser.add_argument("id", help="邮件ID")
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att_parser.add_argument("--filename", "-f", help="指定附件文件名")
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att_parser.add_argument("--account", "-a", help="使用指定配置")
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args = parser.parse_args()
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if args.command == "unread":
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emails = list_unread(
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account_name=args.account,
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limit=args.limit,
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verbose=args.verbose
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)
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print_email_summary(emails)
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elif args.command == "read":
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email_data = read_email(
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email_id=args.id,
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account_name=args.account,
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save_attachments=not args.no_save,
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verbose=args.verbose
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)
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if email_data:
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print_email_detail(email_data)
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elif args.command == "attachment":
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email_data = read_email(
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email_id=args.id,
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account_name=args.account,
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save_attachments=True,
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verbose=False
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)
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if email_data and email_data['attachments']:
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# 找到指定附件或第一个文本附件
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target_att = None
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for att in email_data['attachments']:
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if args.filename and att['filename'] == args.filename:
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target_att = att
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break
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elif not args.filename and att['is_text']:
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target_att = att
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break
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if target_att:
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print(f"\n📄 附件: {target_att['filename']}")
|
||
print("=" * 60)
|
||
print(target_att['content'] or "(非文本附件)")
|
||
else:
|
||
print(f"❌ 未找到附件: {args.filename or '文本附件'}")
|
||
else:
|
||
print("❌ 邮件无附件或读取失败")
|
||
|
||
else:
|
||
parser.print_help()
|
||
|
||
|
||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||
main() |